Monday Jul.13, 2020

📲 🎵 TikTok's future (or lack thereof)

_When the TikTok ban nightmare becomes reality_
_When the TikTok ban nightmare becomes reality_

Hey Snackers,

On Friday, you tried to open Spotify for a weekend playlist. When that didn't work, you went to Pinterest for quarantini inspo. When that didn't work, you turned to Tinder as a final resort, but that crashed too. Turns out, it was all because of... a Facebook glitch (it's all connected).

In markets: The tech-heavy Nasdaq surged 4% as the US set record high COVID cases — because social media, ecommerce, and cloud computing are all lockdown-friendly.

On our pod: The “SoulCycle of fertility” just raised $32M to make egg freezing happen cheaper. Tune into our highly snackable pod to hear how Kindbody is using the fresh cash for its "Little Sister" expansion strategy.

Dance

TikTok's future is cloudy as the US looks into a security ban (India's already on it)

"How to become YouTube vlogstar"... Every TikTok stars' Google search last week after millions of like/view counts suddenly went to zero. TikTokers thought it was the first sign that their precious app had been banned. It was a glitch, but their fears are far from unfounded. The viral video app is owned by China-based Bytedance, the most valuable private startup in the world (~$100B). Before we dig into TikTok's possible demise, let's recap the impressive rise:

  • Within a few months of its 2018 US launch, TikTok reached #1 on the App Store, beating giants like Instagram and YouTube. In 2019, TikTok had over 738M global downloads.
  • Today, TikTok has been downloaded over 2B times and has an estimated 80M users in the US alone.

Clock's TikToking... Security concerns around TikTok's ties to China are heating up. The US already bans employees of many government agencies (like the Army) from having TikTok on work phones. Last week, Wells Fargo told employees to remove it from company devices. Amazon did the same, then weirdly backtracked. Also:

  • India full-on banned TikTok (and 58 other Chinese apps) on national security concerns. India was TikTok's largest market by far, driving 660M downloads since 2017. This may cost Bytedance $6B in lost ad sales.
  • President Trump said he's considering banning TikTok and other Chinese apps. Leaked moderation guidelines reveal TikTok has censored content critical of China. And the administration is worried American user data could be passed to the Chinese gov. Interestingly...
  • China itself bans TikTok — Chinese nationals use Bytedance's Douyin, the original, non-international version of TikTok: Same branding, same parent, separate content (which is censored by the Chinese gov).

TikTok has big US market influence... despite being a non-public, non-US company. Its explosive growth has major implications for American media. It's the biggest threat for disrupting social giants like Facebook, Snap, and Twitter. It contributed to Quibi's flop. And recently, it's been trying to appeal to the American gov: it brought on a former Disney exec as CEO and is considering adding a non-China HQ. But more TikTok bans could be coming — that would significantly reduce competition for US media companies.

Highs

Who's up...

Turn me on with your electric wheel... Electric vehicle startup Rivian raised an astounding $2.5B in its latest funding round — without ever having released a single product. Rivian wants to be the 1st to bring all-electric pickup trucks to roads and it's developing 100K electric delivery vans for Amazon (ETA 2021). Producing all these EVs is capital-intensive — so investors have poured in $5.3B since 2019 (about 1/2 the value of Lyft).

Bezos sweating over $21... Walmart stock jumped 7% on a report that it's shipping a $98/year rival to Amazon Prime this month. Creatively-named Walmart+ perks include: same-day and 2-hour grocery delivery, product deals, and gas discounts. Walmart is the US grocery leader, but half its top-spending families now have Prime memberships. Walmart doesn't want to lose them to Amazon — it's hoping this perk-filled subscription will secure long-term grocery loyalty.

Lows

...and who's down

More turbulence ahead... United shares plunged on news it may have to furlough almost half its US workforce, despite the billions of federal funds it received. Airlines that took $25B in federal payroll support aren't allowed to furlough, lay off, or cut pay until Oct 1 — United's holding off until then. But it's now burning through $40M a day on high costs and near-zero sales (American and Delta feel the pain, too). October layoffs could be on the horizon.

Blame the $2 hand sanitizer... Walgreens lost $1.7B last quarter — bummer, since it made $1B during the same quarter last year. The shift to sales of less-profitable items (like TP vs. prescription meds) and higher labor costs (like extra sanitizing) contributed to the huge profit decline. Now Walgreens is cutting 4K jobs. But it's also making a $1B investment on a big bet: in-store doctors offices. Walgreens is splurging on a 30% stake in a medical startup to get you in for checkups (even when you're just trying to grab Doritos).

What else we’re Snackin’

  • Ponder: Why time feels so weird in 2020 (with some interactive exercises to test your sense of time — we aced).
  • Visualize: How Big Tech makes its billions — breaking down the revenue streams of the 5 largest tech giants.
  • Explore: The most secluded natural hikes in the US (in case you weren't getting enough solitude).
  • Grow: 6 verbs that make you sound weak, no matter your job title — "think" is the hardest to cut, we think.
  • Struggle: Why you feel at home in a crisis — we've kind of evolved to handle them.
  • Learn: What is opportunity cost? It's the trade-off of making one choice over another (like Netflix vs. squats).

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This Week

Disclosure: Authors of this Snacks own shares of Amazon and Spotify

ID: 1242142

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For the record, that’s the 18th-straight year the penny’s face value has been below production costs, fueling calls for abolishing the lowest value denomination coin. Canada started to phase out the penny in 2013, joining Australia, Brazil, Finland, New Zealand, Norway, and Israel, according to Smithsonian Magazine.

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Netflix is going to stop sharing subscriber numbers

After posting subscriber numbers that beat expectations today, Netflix says it’s no longer going to share those numbers starting in the first quarter of 2025. That’s a big deal since subscriber numbers have long been one of the main metrics that investors have looked at.

“In our early days, when we had little revenue or profit, membership growth was a strong indicator of our future potential,” its shareholders letter read. “But now we’re generating very substantial profit and free cash flow.” The company said that it will focus on revenue and operating margin as its main financial metrics, while it will look at time spent on the platform to gauge customer satisfaction.

Another way to read this? They’ve hit market saturation and just aren’t going to be growing that much anymore, and they thought they’d end on a good note. Going forward they’re focusing on how to get more money out of the customers they do have.

They’re doing so by cracking down on password sharing and charging for extra members. They’re also pushing people to ad tiers, which are more profitable than non-ad tiers.

“Scaling ads to become a more meaningful contributor to our business in ‘25 and beyond,” Netflix said.

Netflix’s ads membership grew another 65% in Q1 over the previous one, after rising 70% the quarter before, and 40% of signups in ad markets continue to be for those ad plans.

Tech

Meta’s not telling where it got its AI training data

Today Meta unleashed its ChatGPT competitor, Meta AI, across its apps and as a standalone. The company boasts that it is running on its latest, greatest AI model, Llama 3, which was trained on “data of the highest quality”! A dataset seven times larger than Llama2! And includes 4 times more code!

What is that training data? There the company is less loquacious.

Meta said the 15 trillion tokens on which its trained came from “publicly available sources.” Which sources? Meta told The Verge’s Alex Heath that it didn’t include Meta user data, but didn’t give much more in the way of specifics.

It did mention that it includes AI-generated data, or synthetic data: “we used Llama 2 to generate the training data for the text-quality classifiers that are powering Llama 3.” There are plenty of known issues with synthetic or AI-created data, foremost of which is that it can exacerbate existing issues with AI, because it’s liable to spit out a more concentrated version of any garbage it is ingesting.

AI companies are turning to such data because there’s not enough good, public data on the entire internet to train their increasingly greedy AI models. (Meta had reportedly floated buying a publisher like Simon & Schuster to satisfy its insatiable data needs.)

Meta, of course, isn’t the only company that’s tight-lipped about where its AI data is coming from. In a now infamous interview with WSJ’s Johanna Stern, OpenAI’s chief technology officer Mira Murati was unable to answer questions about what Sora, OpenAI’s video generating app, was trained on. YouTube? Facebook? Instagram — she said she wasn’t sure.

What is that training data? There the company is less loquacious.

Meta said the 15 trillion tokens on which its trained came from “publicly available sources.” Which sources? Meta told The Verge’s Alex Heath that it didn’t include Meta user data, but didn’t give much more in the way of specifics.

It did mention that it includes AI-generated data, or synthetic data: “we used Llama 2 to generate the training data for the text-quality classifiers that are powering Llama 3.” There are plenty of known issues with synthetic or AI-created data, foremost of which is that it can exacerbate existing issues with AI, because it’s liable to spit out a more concentrated version of any garbage it is ingesting.

AI companies are turning to such data because there’s not enough good, public data on the entire internet to train their increasingly greedy AI models. (Meta had reportedly floated buying a publisher like Simon & Schuster to satisfy its insatiable data needs.)

Meta, of course, isn’t the only company that’s tight-lipped about where its AI data is coming from. In a now infamous interview with WSJ’s Johanna Stern, OpenAI’s chief technology officer Mira Murati was unable to answer questions about what Sora, OpenAI’s video generating app, was trained on. YouTube? Facebook? Instagram — she said she wasn’t sure.

Today’s earnings: Who’s making money edition

Here are some some notable numbers out this morning, as earnings season gathers steam. Thursday’s main event will be Netflix after the close of trading. (Keep an eye on its advertising business.) But until then...

7.13%

The 30-year fixed rate mortgage is back above 7%, according to weekly numbers from the Mortgage Bankers Association, the highest level in four months. High borrowing costs are creating havoc for would-be buyers, as affordability lingers at the low levels not seen consistently since the late 1980s.

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Business

Amazon’s spy ops on rivals: shell companies, printed docs, and a fake Japanese streetwear brand

Some companies check out rivals’ websites, stores and public filings to stay abreast of the competition. Amazon made its own fake shell company and brands, transacted hundreds of thousands of dollars per year undercover on competitors’ platforms, and kept its intel operation a secret for nearly a decade even from others at Amazon, according to a fascinating investigation by the Wall Street Journal.

Working as a seller called Big River, a secret group of Amazon employees gained access to rival platforms, including Walmart, FedEx, and Alibaba. They used Big River email addresses and went to seller conferences as Big River employees. They even stayed hidden within Amazon itself. These employees would take screenshots of competitors’ systems that they would then show others at Amazon in person to avoid an email paper trail.

Perhaps most strange of all, the company created a fake Japanese streetwear brand called “Not So Ape” (clearly a play on A Bathing Ape) and continues to sell products from the brand on a Shopify store, presumably as an attempt to learn the inner workings of the shopping platform. Of course, copying is old hat for Amazon.

In meetings where they’d use this clandestine information to inform Amazon’s own business practices, the group resorted to literal paper. “[T]he team avoided distributing presentations electronically to Amazon executives. Instead, they printed the presentations and numbered the documents. Executives could look at the reports and take notes, but at the end of the meeting, team members collected the papers to ensure that they had all copies."

Working as a seller called Big River, a secret group of Amazon employees gained access to rival platforms, including Walmart, FedEx, and Alibaba. They used Big River email addresses and went to seller conferences as Big River employees. They even stayed hidden within Amazon itself. These employees would take screenshots of competitors’ systems that they would then show others at Amazon in person to avoid an email paper trail.

Perhaps most strange of all, the company created a fake Japanese streetwear brand called “Not So Ape” (clearly a play on A Bathing Ape) and continues to sell products from the brand on a Shopify store, presumably as an attempt to learn the inner workings of the shopping platform. Of course, copying is old hat for Amazon.

In meetings where they’d use this clandestine information to inform Amazon’s own business practices, the group resorted to literal paper. “[T]he team avoided distributing presentations electronically to Amazon executives. Instead, they printed the presentations and numbered the documents. Executives could look at the reports and take notes, but at the end of the meeting, team members collected the papers to ensure that they had all copies."

Crypto
Jack Morse
4/17/24

Worldcoin pivots to the blockchain… with a 'humans only' discount

Worldcoin, the “proof of personhood” crypto project launched by OpenAI’s Sam Altman, said it plans to launch its own ethereum layer-2 (L2) blockchain dubbed World Chain. The pitch: a blockchain where it’s both easier and cheaper for people to transact than bots.

Worldcoin has made waves for its iris-scanning metallic orb that promises a future where people can mathematically prove they’re real humans and not AI bots.

But it’s run into trouble: the orbs have been banned across Europe and Africa, and the associated WLD crypto token has plunged 50% over the past month.

For project insiders, who reportedly received a token allocation of 25% of supply, that could equal significant losses. 

Which is what may make World Chain attractive. Crypto exchange Coinbase launched its own L2, Base, last year. Base has since seen rapid user growth — activity that’s generated the exchange millions of dollars in weekly fees

Worldcoin could benefit from similar revenue if its L2 is adopted around the world.

But it’s run into trouble: the orbs have been banned across Europe and Africa, and the associated WLD crypto token has plunged 50% over the past month.

For project insiders, who reportedly received a token allocation of 25% of supply, that could equal significant losses. 

Which is what may make World Chain attractive. Crypto exchange Coinbase launched its own L2, Base, last year. Base has since seen rapid user growth — activity that’s generated the exchange millions of dollars in weekly fees

Worldcoin could benefit from similar revenue if its L2 is adopted around the world.

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