Thursday Sep.29, 2022

💊 Biotech’s boom or bust

Waiting for the trial results like… (Silas Stein/Getty Images)
Waiting for the trial results like… (Silas Stein/Getty Images)

Hey Snackers,

The Italian island of Sardinia is offering people up to $15K to move there. The work-from-beach dream has a catch: you have to spend the cash on renovating a newly purchased home and move there full-time. Sounds like… a permanent Italian vacay?

US stocks snapped a six-day losing streak yesterday, surging 2% after the Bank of England said it would buy bonds — a surprising reversal of hawkish monetary policies. Meanwhile, orange juice futures skyrocketed ahead of Hurricane Ian's Florida landfall.

Tried

Biogen soars on word of a successful Alzheimer's drug trial, paving the way for big sales after big spending

The results are in… and Biogen scored a multibillion-dollar win. This week the pharma giant announced that an experimental Alzheimer’s drug it’s developing significantly slowed cognitive decline in a large trial. The results boost the drug’s likelihood of snagging FDA approval, which could lead to blockbuster sales:

  • Second time’s the charm: Biogen stock soared 40% yesterday, erasing its losses for the year. Last year Biogen got a different Alzheimer’s drug approved, despite iffy trial results. But that drug failed commercially after getting only limited Medicare coverage.
  • Industry-wide win: Shares of Eli Lilly, which is also developing an Alzheimer's drug, spiked 7%. Shares of Alzheimer’s-focused biotechs Prothena and Acumen Pharmaceuticals surged over 85%.

R&D is a roller coaster… Pharma giants have tried to develop successful Alzheimer’s drugs for decades. Despite billions in R&D spending, there’s still no commercially successful drug proven to slow Alzheimer’s. But pricey R&D is common in pharma: it costs an average of $1.3B to develop a drug, and approval can take a decade.

  • High risk: J&J, Roche, Merck, and Novartis spend up to 25% of their revenue on R&D.
  • High reward: Roche has launched only eight drugs in the last five years, but they’re worth $100B in potential sales.

Some industries are feast or famine… Bio-pharma revolves around trials. If the trial flops, it’s back to the billion-dollar drawing board. If it succeeds, it’s a “feast” for all involved. Those high stakes come with high potential rewards: Moderna notched a $1.2B quarterly profit (its first ever) after its Covid vax got authorized. It took Biogen lots of time and $$ to develop its most recent Alzheimer’s drug, but analysts say it could do up to $8B in annual sales.

Pickled

From Lebron to Drew Brees, MVPs are investing in pickleball as it becomes an American phenom

Hide your tennis courts… Pickleball — a mix of badminton, ping-pong, and tennis — has become the fastest-growing sport in the US with nearly 5M players. Now, MVPs want a swing at the pickle pie. Yesterday, the MLP (Major League Pickleball) announced that NBA legend Lebron James joined its investor ranks.

  • The backers: In July, Super Bowl champ Drew Brees became one of the first big sports figures to invest in MLP. Now, the league plans to grow from 12 to 16 teams across six US cities next year.
  • Match point: Next month, the league’s season-ending tournament will have a $319K purse — the largest in pickleball history.

Game, set, match… Pickleball gained popularity during the pandemic as people looked for socially distant group activities. Since it requires less stamina (and formal training) than tennis or b-ball, it’s easier to pick up. Now, pickleball has 10K designated courts in the US, with three new ones opening each day.

  • Sour pickle: Pickleball matches can draw large crowds and take over public tennis and basketball courts for hours, causing friction (and even lawsuits) between players and nearby residents.
  • Fit pickle: Gyms like Life Time Fitness have expanded their pickleball offerings to 120+ locations.
  • Camp pickle: Some investors are building out chains like pickleball-themed restaurants with indoor and outdoor courts.

The pickle jar is far from full… Thanks to leagues like the MLP and investors like Lebron, pickleball is gaining corporate attention. Pickleball tourneys have attracted sponsorships from brands like DraftKings, Hertz, and Chase. MLP’s founder said MVP investments would help the league reach its goal of 40M players by 2030. If momentum sticks, we could see a pickle-conomy emerge (think: merch, sponsors).

What else we’re Snackin’

  • Brick: Lego’s sales soared 17% in the first half of the year despite global econ woes. Earth’s largest toy maker is expanding its range across price points, from $20 Mandalorians to $850 Millennium Falcons.
  • Rack: Macy’s launched a third-party digital marketplace à la Amazon (it doesn’t own the merch or shipping, but gets a cut of sales). The move adds 20+ new product categories to beef up digital sales.
  • Brace: Hurricane Ian could become one of the costliest storms in US history, with an expected $67B in damages. Officials are urging Floridians to brace for deadly 155 mph winds, flooding, and storm surges.
  • Alice: The world’s first all-electric passenger aircraft, named Alice, made history with an eight-minute inaugural flight. Eviation Aircraft plans to deliver the zero-emission planes to customers by 2027.
  • Complane: Russia’s aviation industry wants to ditch Western jets. Russia-owned Rostec said the country aims to end its reliance on Boeing and Airbus planes by domestically producing 1K airliners by 2030.

Thursday

  • Jobless claims
  • Earnings expected from Nike, Bed Bath & Beyond, Micron, CarMax, and Rite Aid

Authors of this Snacks own: shares of Amazon, Moderna, and Roche

ID: 2449373

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Latest Stories

Power

World out of balance: It costs the US 3¢ to make 1 penny

The cost of producing the US penny rose 13% in fiscal 2023 to 3.07 cents. Yes, that means that Uncle Sam loses more than two cents for every cent it produces. (And no, you can’t make it up on volume.)

For the record, that’s the 18th-straight year the penny’s face value has been below production costs, fueling calls for abolishing the lowest value denomination coin. Canada started to phase out the penny in 2013, joining Australia, Brazil, Finland, New Zealand, Norway, and Israel, according to Smithsonian Magazine.

3.07¢
Business

Netflix is going to stop sharing subscriber numbers

After posting subscriber numbers that beat expectations today, Netflix says it’s no longer going to share those numbers starting in the first quarter of 2025. That’s a big deal since subscriber numbers have long been one of the main metrics that investors have looked at.

“In our early days, when we had little revenue or profit, membership growth was a strong indicator of our future potential,” its shareholders letter read. “But now we’re generating very substantial profit and free cash flow.” The company said that it will focus on revenue and operating margin as its main financial metrics, while it will look at time spent on the platform to gauge customer satisfaction.

Another way to read this? They’ve hit market saturation and just aren’t going to be growing that much anymore, and they thought they’d end on a good note. Going forward they’re focusing on how to get more money out of the customers they do have.

They’re doing so by cracking down on password sharing and charging for extra members. They’re also pushing people to ad tiers, which are more profitable than non-ad tiers.

“Scaling ads to become a more meaningful contributor to our business in ‘25 and beyond,” Netflix said.

Netflix’s ads membership grew another 65% in Q1 over the previous one, after rising 70% the quarter before, and 40% of signups in ad markets continue to be for those ad plans.

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Scuba Diving in the Wild Blue Yonder in French Polynesia
Tech

Meta’s not telling where it got its AI training data

Today Meta unleashed its ChatGPT competitor, Meta AI, across its apps and as a standalone. The company boasts that it is running on its latest, greatest AI model, Llama 3, which was trained on “data of the highest quality”! A dataset seven times larger than Llama2! And includes 4 times more code!

What is that training data? There the company is less loquacious.

Meta said the 15 trillion tokens on which its trained came from “publicly available sources.” Which sources? Meta told The Verge’s Alex Heath that it didn’t include Meta user data, but didn’t give much more in the way of specifics.

It did mention that it includes AI-generated data, or synthetic data: “we used Llama 2 to generate the training data for the text-quality classifiers that are powering Llama 3.” There are plenty of known issues with synthetic or AI-created data, foremost of which is that it can exacerbate existing issues with AI, because it’s liable to spit out a more concentrated version of any garbage it is ingesting.

AI companies are turning to such data because there’s not enough good, public data on the entire internet to train their increasingly greedy AI models. (Meta had reportedly floated buying a publisher like Simon & Schuster to satisfy its insatiable data needs.)

Meta, of course, isn’t the only company that’s tight-lipped about where its AI data is coming from. In a now infamous interview with WSJ’s Johanna Stern, OpenAI’s chief technology officer Mira Murati was unable to answer questions about what Sora, OpenAI’s video generating app, was trained on. YouTube? Facebook? Instagram — she said she wasn’t sure.

What is that training data? There the company is less loquacious.

Meta said the 15 trillion tokens on which its trained came from “publicly available sources.” Which sources? Meta told The Verge’s Alex Heath that it didn’t include Meta user data, but didn’t give much more in the way of specifics.

It did mention that it includes AI-generated data, or synthetic data: “we used Llama 2 to generate the training data for the text-quality classifiers that are powering Llama 3.” There are plenty of known issues with synthetic or AI-created data, foremost of which is that it can exacerbate existing issues with AI, because it’s liable to spit out a more concentrated version of any garbage it is ingesting.

AI companies are turning to such data because there’s not enough good, public data on the entire internet to train their increasingly greedy AI models. (Meta had reportedly floated buying a publisher like Simon & Schuster to satisfy its insatiable data needs.)

Meta, of course, isn’t the only company that’s tight-lipped about where its AI data is coming from. In a now infamous interview with WSJ’s Johanna Stern, OpenAI’s chief technology officer Mira Murati was unable to answer questions about what Sora, OpenAI’s video generating app, was trained on. YouTube? Facebook? Instagram — she said she wasn’t sure.

Today’s earnings: Who’s making money edition

Here are some some notable numbers out this morning, as earnings season gathers steam. Thursday’s main event will be Netflix after the close of trading. (Keep an eye on its advertising business.) But until then...

7.13%

The 30-year fixed rate mortgage is back above 7%, according to weekly numbers from the Mortgage Bankers Association, the highest level in four months. High borrowing costs are creating havoc for would-be buyers, as affordability lingers at the low levels not seen consistently since the late 1980s.

Business

Amazon’s spy ops on rivals: shell companies, printed docs, and a fake Japanese streetwear brand

Some companies check out rivals’ websites, stores and public filings to stay abreast of the competition. Amazon made its own fake shell company and brands, transacted hundreds of thousands of dollars per year undercover on competitors’ platforms, and kept its intel operation a secret for nearly a decade even from others at Amazon, according to a fascinating investigation by the Wall Street Journal.

Working as a seller called Big River, a secret group of Amazon employees gained access to rival platforms, including Walmart, FedEx, and Alibaba. They used Big River email addresses and went to seller conferences as Big River employees. They even stayed hidden within Amazon itself. These employees would take screenshots of competitors’ systems that they would then show others at Amazon in person to avoid an email paper trail.

Perhaps most strange of all, the company created a fake Japanese streetwear brand called “Not So Ape” (clearly a play on A Bathing Ape) and continues to sell products from the brand on a Shopify store, presumably as an attempt to learn the inner workings of the shopping platform. Of course, copying is old hat for Amazon.

In meetings where they’d use this clandestine information to inform Amazon’s own business practices, the group resorted to literal paper. “[T]he team avoided distributing presentations electronically to Amazon executives. Instead, they printed the presentations and numbered the documents. Executives could look at the reports and take notes, but at the end of the meeting, team members collected the papers to ensure that they had all copies."

Working as a seller called Big River, a secret group of Amazon employees gained access to rival platforms, including Walmart, FedEx, and Alibaba. They used Big River email addresses and went to seller conferences as Big River employees. They even stayed hidden within Amazon itself. These employees would take screenshots of competitors’ systems that they would then show others at Amazon in person to avoid an email paper trail.

Perhaps most strange of all, the company created a fake Japanese streetwear brand called “Not So Ape” (clearly a play on A Bathing Ape) and continues to sell products from the brand on a Shopify store, presumably as an attempt to learn the inner workings of the shopping platform. Of course, copying is old hat for Amazon.

In meetings where they’d use this clandestine information to inform Amazon’s own business practices, the group resorted to literal paper. “[T]he team avoided distributing presentations electronically to Amazon executives. Instead, they printed the presentations and numbered the documents. Executives could look at the reports and take notes, but at the end of the meeting, team members collected the papers to ensure that they had all copies."

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Crypto
Jack Morse
4/17/24

Worldcoin pivots to the blockchain… with a 'humans only' discount

Worldcoin, the “proof of personhood” crypto project launched by OpenAI’s Sam Altman, said it plans to launch its own ethereum layer-2 (L2) blockchain dubbed World Chain. The pitch: a blockchain where it’s both easier and cheaper for people to transact than bots.

Worldcoin has made waves for its iris-scanning metallic orb that promises a future where people can mathematically prove they’re real humans and not AI bots.

But it’s run into trouble: the orbs have been banned across Europe and Africa, and the associated WLD crypto token has plunged 50% over the past month.

For project insiders, who reportedly received a token allocation of 25% of supply, that could equal significant losses. 

Which is what may make World Chain attractive. Crypto exchange Coinbase launched its own L2, Base, last year. Base has since seen rapid user growth — activity that’s generated the exchange millions of dollars in weekly fees

Worldcoin could benefit from similar revenue if its L2 is adopted around the world.

But it’s run into trouble: the orbs have been banned across Europe and Africa, and the associated WLD crypto token has plunged 50% over the past month.

For project insiders, who reportedly received a token allocation of 25% of supply, that could equal significant losses. 

Which is what may make World Chain attractive. Crypto exchange Coinbase launched its own L2, Base, last year. Base has since seen rapid user growth — activity that’s generated the exchange millions of dollars in weekly fees

Worldcoin could benefit from similar revenue if its L2 is adopted around the world.

Business

Smooth sailing? Not for superyachts

Sales of the luxury boats sank 17% last year. Meanwhile, Super-SUPER yachts (over 650 feet long) took the biggest sales dip, falling around 40%. Part of the problem: a pandemic-era backlog has led to a three- to four-year waitlist for new yacht orders. Meanwhile Russian oligarchs — former MVP customers — are largely out of the boat-buying business due to sanctions.

Dr Martens shares have been stomped

American sales of Docs have dropped