Monday Jul.25, 2022

⛽ Oil’s profit peak

The end of oil’s golden age? (Barry Lewis/InPictures via Getty Images)
The end of oil’s golden age? (Barry Lewis/InPictures via Getty Images)

Hey Snackers,

This may be the most morbid DIY project yet: build-your-own-coffin is now a service merchants are offering with Ikea-style kits. “We just had so much fun,” one customer said.

Stocks rallied for the week as investors digested better-than-feared earnings from companies like Netflix and Tesla. But the win streak was snapped on Friday after Twitter posted a loss and Snap reported its slowest quarterly sales growth as a public company. Big Tech earnings are up next.

Pumped

From Exxon to Valero, oil big shots are expected to rake in historically huge profits — but the gassy golden age may be over

When $6/gallon sounds like a steal... you know the pump anxiety is real. US fuel producers are on track to rake in record cash windfalls. The largest independent oil refiners — Valero, Marathon Petroleum, and Phillips 66 — are poised to collectively make $14B from refining this quarter. Oil biggies like Valero start reporting this week, and the expected profit margins are wild:

  • Exxon, which reports Friday, said its fuel profits could balloon to $4.4B. Compare that to an average profit of less than $860M for the same quarter from 2017 to 2019. Thanks to fuel prices, Exxon forecasts that total earnings could hit $18B — which would be its most profitable quarter in decades.
  • Chevron, which also reports Friday, is expected to have profit nearly triple from the year-ago quarter. In the first quarter, its earnings more than quadrupled.

But oily profit could be peaking... or may’ve already peaked. Summer is usually a busy driving season, but jaw-dropping gas prices are starting to keep Americans off the road. Drivers pumped 10% less fuel in the week ended July 9 compared to last year. Meanwhile, refineries are cranking at full capacity.

  • Less demand + more gas supply = shrinking profits for gas giants. Case in point: gas prices have dropped for 30 days straight.
  • Everything’s relative. Since refining capacity was drastically slashed mid-pandemic, inventories are still relatively low, and prices are still relatively high.

A recession could tank gas prices… And if the US isn’t already in one, it likely will be soon. Higher supply and lower demand are already pushing down gas prices — but a recession could tank them. Oil fuels the wheels of economic activity, and suffers when it slows: an economic downturn means less traveling, less spending, and less manufacturing. But for this year at least, refiners are on track for some banner profits.

Zoom Out

Stories we’re watching...

Goodbye, my coin… Last year Elon claimed Tesla had “diamond hands” for bitcoin. Turns out Tesla sold 75% of its bitcoin (worth $936M) as of last quarter. On last week's earnings call, Musk said Covid crackdowns in China forced Tesla’s (apparently paper) hand since it needed cash. BTC's price has plunged since Tesla bought $1.5B worth last year, but the company says it sold at a gain. The EV icon stopped accepting bitcoin as payment last year. Its unloading of the OG crypto could signal an end to Musk's days as a crypto hype man.

Asada bowl, extra guac… and a side of organized labor. Last week Chipotle closed a store in Maine after workers filed to form what could’ve been the chain’s first union. Owners cited staffing issues, but workers called it union backlash. It’s not just Chipotle: US labor organizing is rising, and 200 Starbucks have unionized since last fall. This year, Amazon and Apple workers also formed their companies’ first US unions. Union membership has declined for years, but support for unions is near record highs — which could lead to higher costs and more friction for companies.

Events

Coming up this week...

Less money... still problems. Microsoft, Google, Meta, and Apple are on deck to report this week. With recent layoffs and hiring freezes top of mind, investors expect second-quarter earnings to be tough for some — but not all — of tech’s major players. Analysts predict rougher #'s from Google and Meta as recession fears shrink advertising budgets. Meanwhile, Apple seems to be weathering the economic storm, expecting to report double-digit growth despite supply snags. Investors are optimistic about Microsoft's booming cloud biz.

Power to the Powell… To tame prices, the Fed hiked interest rates by an unexpectedly high 0.75 percentage point last month — the biggest jump since the ’90s. On Wednesday, America’s central bank is expected to dish out another three-quarter-point hike. Some analysts say it should be more aggressive and raise rates by a full point. Last week, Europe’s central bank hiked rates for the first time in 11 years (’flation’s even worse there). But moving too fast could trigger (or deepen) a recession by slowing spending, investment, and hiring.

ICYMI

Last week's highlights...

  • Doc: Amazon agreed to buy swanky healthcare provider One Medical for nearly $4B, its third-largest deal after Whole Foods ($14B) and MGM ($9B). It’s trying to Prime-ify the convoluted healthcare biz.
  • Tab: After a decade as a mobile-only app, Snap launched a desktop version to tap into the “side-tab economy” (think: shopping and scrolling mid-Zoom call). That could help it compete with TikTok and Insta.
  • Fazed: Viral gaming brand FaZe Clan went public through a $725M SPAC merger. It’s a milestone for the creator economy, but FaZe’s 500M-strong following may not protect it against the SPAC-pocalypse.

What else we’re Snackin’

  • Check: Many hate self-checkout (“please place item in the bagging area”), but it’s a massive cost-saver for retailers. Now, Walmart, Kroger, and Dollar General are piloting self-checkout-only stores.
  • Gulp: The bond-market yield curve has inverted, signaling markets are more optimistic about short-term investments than long-term ones. The inversion has preceded every US recession for decades.
  • Mine: Cryptomining is raising electrical bills for consumers and businesses. A congressional investigation found that the largest US bitcoin-mining companies use nearly as much electricity as all the homes in Houston.

This Week

  • Monday: Earnings expected from Ryanair and Logitech
  • Tuesday: Earnings expected from Microsoft, Google, Visa, Coke, McDonald’s, UPS, Mondelez, GE, Raytheon, and 3M
  • Wednesday: Fed’s interest-rate decision. Earnings expected from Meta, Shopify, Spotify, Boeing, Qualcomm, Ford, Sherwin-Williams, Cheesecake Factory, and Deutsche Bank
  • Thursday: Jobless claims. Earnings expected from Apple, Pfizer, Merck, Comcast, Intel, Altria, Valero, Stellantis, Wingstop, Southwest, and Sirius XM
  • Friday: Earnings expected from Exxon, Chevron, Procter & Gamble, and Caterpillar

Authors of this Snacks own: bitcoin and shares of Google, Amazon, Starbucks, Spotify, Ford, Apple, Microsoft, Snap, Tesla, Netflix, Twitter, Exxon, Sirius XM, Shopify, Comcast, and Walmart

ID: 2309870

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Latest Stories

Power

World out of balance: It costs the US 3¢ to make 1 penny

The cost of producing the US penny rose 13% in fiscal 2023 to 3.07 cents. Yes, that means that Uncle Sam loses more than two cents for every cent it produces. (And no, you can’t make it up on volume.)

For the record, that’s the 18th-straight year the penny’s face value has been below production costs, fueling calls for abolishing the lowest value denomination coin. Canada started to phase out the penny in 2013, joining Australia, Brazil, Finland, New Zealand, Norway, and Israel, according to Smithsonian Magazine.

3.07¢
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Scuba Diving in the Wild Blue Yonder in French Polynesia
Business

Netflix is going to stop sharing subscriber numbers

After posting subscriber numbers that beat expectations today, Netflix says it’s no longer going to share those numbers starting in the first quarter of 2025. That’s a big deal since subscriber numbers have long been one of the main metrics that investors have looked at.

“In our early days, when we had little revenue or profit, membership growth was a strong indicator of our future potential,” its shareholders letter read. “But now we’re generating very substantial profit and free cash flow.” The company said that it will focus on revenue and operating margin as its main financial metrics, while it will look at time spent on the platform to gauge customer satisfaction.

Another way to read this? They’ve hit market saturation and just aren’t going to be growing that much anymore, and they thought they’d end on a good note. Going forward they’re focusing on how to get more money out of the customers they do have.

They’re doing so by cracking down on password sharing and charging for extra members. They’re also pushing people to ad tiers, which are more profitable than non-ad tiers.

“Scaling ads to become a more meaningful contributor to our business in ‘25 and beyond,” Netflix said.

Netflix’s ads membership grew another 65% in Q1 over the previous one, after rising 70% the quarter before, and 40% of signups in ad markets continue to be for those ad plans.

Tech

Meta’s not telling where it got its AI training data

Today Meta unleashed its ChatGPT competitor, Meta AI, across its apps and as a standalone. The company boasts that it is running on its latest, greatest AI model, Llama 3, which was trained on “data of the highest quality”! A dataset seven times larger than Llama2! And includes 4 times more code!

What is that training data? There the company is less loquacious.

Meta said the 15 trillion tokens on which its trained came from “publicly available sources.” Which sources? Meta told The Verge’s Alex Heath that it didn’t include Meta user data, but didn’t give much more in the way of specifics.

It did mention that it includes AI-generated data, or synthetic data: “we used Llama 2 to generate the training data for the text-quality classifiers that are powering Llama 3.” There are plenty of known issues with synthetic or AI-created data, foremost of which is that it can exacerbate existing issues with AI, because it’s liable to spit out a more concentrated version of any garbage it is ingesting.

AI companies are turning to such data because there’s not enough good, public data on the entire internet to train their increasingly greedy AI models. (Meta had reportedly floated buying a publisher like Simon & Schuster to satisfy its insatiable data needs.)

Meta, of course, isn’t the only company that’s tight-lipped about where its AI data is coming from. In a now infamous interview with WSJ’s Johanna Stern, OpenAI’s chief technology officer Mira Murati was unable to answer questions about what Sora, OpenAI’s video generating app, was trained on. YouTube? Facebook? Instagram — she said she wasn’t sure.

What is that training data? There the company is less loquacious.

Meta said the 15 trillion tokens on which its trained came from “publicly available sources.” Which sources? Meta told The Verge’s Alex Heath that it didn’t include Meta user data, but didn’t give much more in the way of specifics.

It did mention that it includes AI-generated data, or synthetic data: “we used Llama 2 to generate the training data for the text-quality classifiers that are powering Llama 3.” There are plenty of known issues with synthetic or AI-created data, foremost of which is that it can exacerbate existing issues with AI, because it’s liable to spit out a more concentrated version of any garbage it is ingesting.

AI companies are turning to such data because there’s not enough good, public data on the entire internet to train their increasingly greedy AI models. (Meta had reportedly floated buying a publisher like Simon & Schuster to satisfy its insatiable data needs.)

Meta, of course, isn’t the only company that’s tight-lipped about where its AI data is coming from. In a now infamous interview with WSJ’s Johanna Stern, OpenAI’s chief technology officer Mira Murati was unable to answer questions about what Sora, OpenAI’s video generating app, was trained on. YouTube? Facebook? Instagram — she said she wasn’t sure.

Today’s earnings: Who’s making money edition

Here are some some notable numbers out this morning, as earnings season gathers steam. Thursday’s main event will be Netflix after the close of trading. (Keep an eye on its advertising business.) But until then...

7.13%

The 30-year fixed rate mortgage is back above 7%, according to weekly numbers from the Mortgage Bankers Association, the highest level in four months. High borrowing costs are creating havoc for would-be buyers, as affordability lingers at the low levels not seen consistently since the late 1980s.

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Business

Amazon’s spy ops on rivals: shell companies, printed docs, and a fake Japanese streetwear brand

Some companies check out rivals’ websites, stores and public filings to stay abreast of the competition. Amazon made its own fake shell company and brands, transacted hundreds of thousands of dollars per year undercover on competitors’ platforms, and kept its intel operation a secret for nearly a decade even from others at Amazon, according to a fascinating investigation by the Wall Street Journal.

Working as a seller called Big River, a secret group of Amazon employees gained access to rival platforms, including Walmart, FedEx, and Alibaba. They used Big River email addresses and went to seller conferences as Big River employees. They even stayed hidden within Amazon itself. These employees would take screenshots of competitors’ systems that they would then show others at Amazon in person to avoid an email paper trail.

Perhaps most strange of all, the company created a fake Japanese streetwear brand called “Not So Ape” (clearly a play on A Bathing Ape) and continues to sell products from the brand on a Shopify store, presumably as an attempt to learn the inner workings of the shopping platform. Of course, copying is old hat for Amazon.

In meetings where they’d use this clandestine information to inform Amazon’s own business practices, the group resorted to literal paper. “[T]he team avoided distributing presentations electronically to Amazon executives. Instead, they printed the presentations and numbered the documents. Executives could look at the reports and take notes, but at the end of the meeting, team members collected the papers to ensure that they had all copies."

Working as a seller called Big River, a secret group of Amazon employees gained access to rival platforms, including Walmart, FedEx, and Alibaba. They used Big River email addresses and went to seller conferences as Big River employees. They even stayed hidden within Amazon itself. These employees would take screenshots of competitors’ systems that they would then show others at Amazon in person to avoid an email paper trail.

Perhaps most strange of all, the company created a fake Japanese streetwear brand called “Not So Ape” (clearly a play on A Bathing Ape) and continues to sell products from the brand on a Shopify store, presumably as an attempt to learn the inner workings of the shopping platform. Of course, copying is old hat for Amazon.

In meetings where they’d use this clandestine information to inform Amazon’s own business practices, the group resorted to literal paper. “[T]he team avoided distributing presentations electronically to Amazon executives. Instead, they printed the presentations and numbered the documents. Executives could look at the reports and take notes, but at the end of the meeting, team members collected the papers to ensure that they had all copies."

Crypto
Jack Morse
4/17/24

Worldcoin pivots to the blockchain… with a 'humans only' discount

Worldcoin, the “proof of personhood” crypto project launched by OpenAI’s Sam Altman, said it plans to launch its own ethereum layer-2 (L2) blockchain dubbed World Chain. The pitch: a blockchain where it’s both easier and cheaper for people to transact than bots.

Worldcoin has made waves for its iris-scanning metallic orb that promises a future where people can mathematically prove they’re real humans and not AI bots.

But it’s run into trouble: the orbs have been banned across Europe and Africa, and the associated WLD crypto token has plunged 50% over the past month.

For project insiders, who reportedly received a token allocation of 25% of supply, that could equal significant losses. 

Which is what may make World Chain attractive. Crypto exchange Coinbase launched its own L2, Base, last year. Base has since seen rapid user growth — activity that’s generated the exchange millions of dollars in weekly fees

Worldcoin could benefit from similar revenue if its L2 is adopted around the world.

But it’s run into trouble: the orbs have been banned across Europe and Africa, and the associated WLD crypto token has plunged 50% over the past month.

For project insiders, who reportedly received a token allocation of 25% of supply, that could equal significant losses. 

Which is what may make World Chain attractive. Crypto exchange Coinbase launched its own L2, Base, last year. Base has since seen rapid user growth — activity that’s generated the exchange millions of dollars in weekly fees

Worldcoin could benefit from similar revenue if its L2 is adopted around the world.

Business

Smooth sailing? Not for superyachts

Sales of the luxury boats sank 17% last year. Meanwhile, Super-SUPER yachts (over 650 feet long) took the biggest sales dip, falling around 40%. Part of the problem: a pandemic-era backlog has led to a three- to four-year waitlist for new yacht orders. Meanwhile Russian oligarchs — former MVP customers — are largely out of the boat-buying business due to sanctions.

Dr Martens shares have been stomped

American sales of Docs have dropped